Further maths gcse edexcel textbook. 21 Paper 4A: Further Pure Mathematics 2, Section 3.
Further maths gcse edexcel textbook Mathematics (5930) Functional Skills. arrow_back Back to Exams AQA Level 2 Certificate in Further Mathematics. If study the worked examples properly and understand them (use Adamsmaths YouTube channel, TL maths etc) and do all the questions. Keep up to date with emails and get access to the support you need to teach the Level 2 Extended Maths certificate as soon as it becomes available. Biology You can find past papers for Further Statistics on our Edexcel Further Maths AS-level page and our Edexcel Further Maths A-level past paper page. Click here for Questions. Download Year 9 Edexcel Further Maths: Core Pure Year 2 Student Book £ 21. The points A, B and D lie on a straight line with AB = 5 cm and BD . Textbook solutions. Learn more! You can find all AQA Level 2 Further Mathematics (8365) Paper 1 past papers and mark schemes below: Question Papers. 21 Paper 4A: Further Pure Mathematics 2, Section 3. The Maths Emporium contains a rich source of resources. Further Maths; GCSE Revision; Revision Cards; Books; Geometric Progressions Practice Questions. For further maths, you are required to do both the core pure papers and two elective modules (though you can do more, but I wouldn’t recommend it as there is usually no benefit to doing so). google. ) All information in Buy Edexcel GCSE Maths Higher Text Book (Gcse Mathematics for Edexcel) Student by Smith, Alan (ISBN: 9780340913581) from Amazon's Book Store. Surds There’s no better way to prepare for the Grade 9-4 AQA Level 2 Certificate in Further Maths than with this fantastic Revision Guide! It’s packed with crystal-clear study notes and plenty of worked examples to demonstrate how each method works. 20 £ 21. It has plenty of exercises, stimulating questions and challenges, as well as AQA L2 Certificate in Further Mathematics (8365) For this specification, the subject-level grade boundaries are shown followed by the associated notional component-level boundaries (shaded and italicised). An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. FS1 A-level Formula Sheet; FS1 AS-level Formula Sheet Browse CGP’s AS and A-Level Maths Books, covering Edexcel, AQA, OCR and more! Including Student Books, Complete Revision & Practice Books, Workbooks and more. 42 (excl vat) Add to basket-15% Edexcel AS and A level Further Mathematics Further Pure Mathematics 2 Textbook + e-book £ 25. The Corbettmaths Practice Questions on Completing the Square for Level 2 Further Maths. 00 £ 47. In comparison, AQA level 2 further math (gcse) is an absolute joke, i dont understand how in the world it can be classed the same as edexcel igcse further pure math or caie o level ad math. 00 The content of the Pearson Edexcel Extended Mathematics Certificate is based on the content of GCSE Mathematics qualification. IAL-Edexcel-Pure-Math-1-January-2020. pdf) or read book online for free. Practice Questions. 99 £ 19. Make your way through our clear revision notes, Further Maths past papers, typical exam questions, fully-explained model answers and more, tailored to your Further Maths specification. Revision Resources drive. Skip to main content Books Advanced Search Best Sellers & more Top New Releases Deals in Books School Books Textbooks Books Outlet Children's Books Calendars & Diaries Audible Audiobooks Amazon Editors' Choice To complete two GCSE qualifications (the regular GCSE Maths and the Further Maths GCSE) within years 10 and 11 is intense. 1 0 23MB Read more. Clayton [email protected] Address: 46748 Colby AQA Level 2 Certificate in Further Mathematics. Maths Emporium . Edexcel textbook especially for AS translates pretty much 1-1 to the exam. Skip to. Biology. 2 4. Description. Pearson Edexcel International A Level Mathematics Further Pure 3 Teacher Resource Pack: Digital Product - 1 year subscription (Accompanies the Student Book includes lesson plans, worksheets, exam practice papers and exam sample answers) 9781292244631: £134. Parts of the content not required for AS Further Mathematics has been unbolded. Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Mathematics A Student Books. 09 Add to basket The Corbettmaths Textbook Exercise on Simultaneous Equations. Say goodbye to boring revision, we've rounded up model examplar answers, worksheets, videos and all kinds of resources to help with mastering GCSE and acheiving A*. Pearson Edexcel A level Mathematics Pure Mathematics Year 2 Textbook + e-book matches the Pearson Edexcel exam structure and is fully integrated with Pearson Edexcel's interactive scheme of work. 00: Edexcel AS and A level Further Mathematics Further Pure Mathematics 2 Textbook + e-book: 9781292183367: £27. Work hard and revise well, this curriculum guide is designed to support your hard work. 4M . Key Skills at Key Stage 3 created to provide further exam practice. com Open. Home. 467 solutions. 99 £ 25. uk/maths. Calculate with integer, negative and fractional indices 2. 49 Add to basket-20% Edexcel A Level Maths: Year 1 + Year 2 Mechanics Student Workbook £ 9. 28 Read more-15% Edexcel Further Maths: Further Statistics 1 Student Book (AS and A Level) £ 22. Recommended Books > Primary Worksheets > Maths Facts > KS3 Maths > KS3 Science > KS3 English > Level 2 Algebra > Year 9 Edexcel AS Further Maths Revision. Pearson Edexcel GCSE Maths past exam papers and marking schemes for GCSE (9-1) in Mathematics (1MA1), these past papers from the Pearson Edexcel exam board are free to download for you to use as practice for your exams. Publication date 2015 Topics Edexcel’s own Student Book for the new 2009 Edexcel International GCSE Maths specification ; Provides complete coverage of the 2009 Edexcel International GCSE Maths specification ; Attractive, full-colour design and engaging features Further Mathematics Mathematical formulae and statistical tables Edexcel, BTEC and LCCI qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body textbooks, journals, magazines and other publications and websites. Edexcel IGCSE Further Pure Maths Revision. Pros. com: New Grade 9-1 GCSE Maths Edexcel Student Book - Foundation (with Online Edition) (CGP GCSE Maths 9-1 Revision): 9781789083088: CGP Books: Books. here. Mechanics. Get started by selecting your Strengthen your maths skills with our 4-day Pure Maths and 1-day Statistics and Mechanics online Easter Revision Courses. 99 £ 18. 54 Read more Solution bank (worked solutions) for every chapter of the Edexcel A Level further maths core pure book 1 textbook. Advanced Statistics by Crawshaw and Chambers: Highly-recommended A-level Learn everything you need to know for your GCSE Further Maths exams - and nothing more. Further Pure Mathematics. Help students reach a higher level in each topic before they move onto the next topic with content broken down into larger chunks. Mathematics (0580) ELC. I am a UK fully qualified teacher with a decade of experience teaching maths, further maths and physics at GCSE and A level. New. Exam code: 4PM1 Tools designed specifically for the Edexcel IGCSE Further Pure Maths syllabus, to help you ace your exams, including: past papers, revision notes, and exam-style questions, created by Revision notes for the Edexcel IGCSE Further Pure Maths syllabus, written by the Further Maths experts at Save My Exams. Exam Questions; Revision Notes; Flashcards; Past Papers; Edexcel . Buy here - £11. Next: Simultaneous Equations: Advanced Textbook Exercise. 99 £ 7. Click here for questions . 69 Read more-15% Edexcel Further Maths: Further Statistics 1 Student Book (AS and A Level) £ 22. Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book Paperback – August 30, 2017 by Mr Ali Datoo (Author) 4. Testing yourself with GCSE Maths past papers is a great way to identify which topics need more revision, so you can ensure that you are revising as effectively as possible to help you get ready for your GCSE Maths exam. Online Maths Easter Crash Courses. Includes exam papers and mark schemes organised by year. Biology Papers; Biology Revision; Chemistry. Reason. Economics: Report "Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book" Your name. Learn more! You can find all AQA Level 2 Further Mathematics (8365) Paper 2 past papers and mark schemes below: Question Papers. 104K subscribers in the GCSE community. 60 Read more Edexcel A Level Maths: Year 1 + Year 2 Statistics Student Workbook £ 9. aqa. OCR MEI Modelling with Algorithms [Complete] - 122 videos - 12+ hours. 1 – content corrected. EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE (9 –1) FURTHER PURE MATHEMATICS Student Book Ali Datoo Pearson Edexcel International GCSE ( 6,394 1,683 8MB Read more. Further Maths; GCSE 5-a-day GCSE 9-1; 5-a-day Primary; 5-a-day Further Maths; More. My school threw my lit sin( ) sin cos cos sin cos( ) cos cos sin sin AB A B A B AB A B A B += + +=-a Write down an expression of sin 2 Ain terms of sin Aand cos A. ; Check and consolidate understanding with formative assessment followed by an opportunity to strengthen learning at the end of each Past exam papers and mark schemes for Edexcel Further Pure Maths IGCSE (4PM0/4PM1) Paper 1. 99. Thanks to Corbett Further Mathematics Mathematical formulae and statistical tables Edexcel, BTEC and LCCI qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body textbooks, journals, magazines and other publications and websites. If you run out of questions by topic for your own exam board you should move onto another exam board’s tab. For first teaching from September 2009 and first Separate courses for Edexcel and Edexcel International GCSE. Edexcel GCSE (9-1) mathematics. Mark Scheme Mark Notes / Hints a sin 2A= sin A cos A+ cos A sin A= 2sin A cos A B1 Replace the Textbooks. GCSE. 53 Read more-30% Collins A-level Revision – Edexcel A-level Maths Year 2 All-in-One Revision and Practice £ 12. Over 50% of the specification will be algebra content, with the remaining content being a mixture of Number, Geometry, Probability and Ratio. Targeted revision to boost your understanding. It gives students the appropriate mathematical skills, knowledge and understanding to help them progress to further The Corbettmaths Practice Questions on Surds for Level 2 Further Maths. Click here for Answers. checklists, worksheets, topic questions and papers with model solutions for AQA, Everything you need for Year 11 GCSE maths revision: Free and complete. Making the transition from GCSE to A level Maths (pdf | 215. GCSE Edexcel Mathematics: For the Grade 9-1 Course Past paper questions by topic and topic tests with mark schemes for Edexcel Maths GCSE (9-1) Probability. 5-a-day GCSE 9-1; 5-a-day Primary; 5-a-day Further Maths; More. eos@aqa CGP GCSE Edexcel Mathematics Revision and Practice. Quick Browse our range of Edexcel GCSE Maths Past Papers and Mark Schemes below. org. 70 Read more-15% Edexcel Further Maths: Further Mechanics 1 Student Book (AS and A Level) £ 21. Updated textbooks and digital services that work seamlessly together to give the fullest support for Login to Edexcel Online and the Maths Emporium by clicking the links below. Core Pure. 54 Read more-15% Edexcel A Level Maths: Year 1 + Year 2 Statistics Teacher Book £ 56. Statistics. Year 9 Maths Progress International. These resources are designed for anyone following the latest Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Further Pure Mathematics, teachers and learners, who want the best preparation for exam success and progression to A Level, Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Further Pure Mathematics provides comprehensive coverage of the specifi cation and is designed to supply students with the best preparation The resources on this page are designed to support students with AQA Level 2 Further Mathematics. Get in touch. Here are some materials to help you with the teaching Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book by Ali Datoo, 2017, Pearson Education, Limited edition, Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book Loading Related Books. 99 Read more-15% Edexcel A Level Maths: Year 1 and 2 Combined Student Book £ 46. Higher. GCSE Past Papers; IGCSE Past Papers; AS Past Papers; A Level Past Papers; O Level Past Papers; AP Past Papers; Join now for free; Log in; Learning hub; About us; Help and support; Past paper questions by topic with mark schemes, model answers and video solutions for Product Rule for Counting (Higher) of Edexcel Maths GCSE (9-1). They're written by teachers and tutors, who specialise in each subject, and are regularly updated to match the latest syllabus. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible Getting Started – Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Further Pure Mathematics – Issue – December 2016 3 Pearson Education imited 2016 Key features of the qualification • The content is very similar to the previous 4PM0 specification but has been updated to ensure progression to IAL and GCE A level Mathematics. Buy Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book 1 by Parkes, Brenda, Datoo, Ali (ISBN: 9780435188542) from Amazon's Book Store. New books for GCSE MFL — now with CGP RevisionHub. (1 mark) Examiner Hints a This is should be straightforward mark and you will need to use the formula given above and replace Bwith A. £38 / hour. Additional information on grade boundaries and notional component boundaries can be found . You can find all Edexcel Further Maths AS-level (8FM0) past papers and mark schemes, as well as selected model answers and video solutions, below: Core Pure GCSE Further Maths AQA. 50 £ 39. you explicitly show every step or you will risk not Increase your exam confidence with these Edexcel IGCSE Further Pure Maths past papers. Contact information. 99 Add to basket Fantastic in-depth course coverage in our Student Books and Textbook, with separate books for Edexcel Pure Mathematics and Statistics & Mechanics. Further Maths; GCSE Revision; Revision Cards; Books; FM Completing the Square Questions. Step 2 Navigate to the type of resource you are looking for. A-Level Further Maths Core Maths Level 3 Certificate GCSE Maths [Under Construction] - 680 videos - 50 + hours. Tools designed specifically for the AQA GCSE Further Maths syllabus, to help you ace your exams, including: past papers, revision notes, and exam-style questions, created by our expert team of teachers and examiners GCSE Mathematics content. 2 out of 5 stars 47 ratings Core Pure 1 || Core Pure 2 || Further Pure 1 || Further Pure 2 || Further Statistics 1 || Further Statistics 2 || Further Mechanics 1 || Further Mechanics 2 || Decision Maths 1 || Decision Maths 2. AQA GCSE Further Maths Revision. The Pearson Edexcel further maths A-Level and AS past papers are free to download. Exam code: 8FM0 Tools designed specifically for the Edexcel AS Further Maths syllabus, to help you ace your exams, including: past papers, revision notes, and exam-style questions, created by our expert team of teachers and examiners Edexcel AS and A level Further Mathematics Further Mechanics 2 Textbook + e-book: 9781292183329: £27. All of the books in this series focus on problem-solving and modelling, as well as supporting the large data set and calculators. Level & Subject: GCSE Maths. Close Submit. Separate courses for Edexcel and Edexcel International GCSE. Further Mathematics (7366) Further Mathematics (7367) Mathematics (7356) Mathematics (7357) Cambridge IGCSE. Accessibility and inclusion have been at the heart of the development of our new qualifications, as we balance a combination of straightforward assessments with relatable Edexcel AS and A level Further Mathematics Further Statistics 1 Textbook + e-book £ 25. Save. Browse CGP’s 9-1 GCSE Maths, Further Maths and Statistics, covering Edexcel, AQA, IGCSE, OCR and more! Maths for GCSE and IGCSE® Textbook: Higher - includes Answers. Show all subjects. Previous: Triangles: Lengths of Sides Practice Questions. Visit the maths emporium • either already have, or are expected to achieve, grades 7, 8 and 9 in GCSE mathematics • are likely to progress to A-Level study in Mathematics and possibly Further Mathematics. These courses will help you consolidate key topics, refine problem-solving techniques, and boost your confidence for the exams. 50 £ 18. June 2021; Edexcel A Level Maths: Year 1 + Year 2 Mechanics Student Workbook £ 82. For bite-sized International GCSE Edexcel Maths practice, look no further than our superb 10-Minute Tests book. CIE books: Google Drive folder containing complete Cambridge A-level Further Maths book and some other books on Pure mathematics. Graduate; Book Tutor. OCR MEI Statistics Minor [Complete] - 120 All our 2024 MFL GCSEs now accredited! We are very excited to announce that Ofqual has officially accredited our 2024 Pearson Edexcel GCSE French, German and Spanish Specifications!. Further Pure Core Year 1 Solution Bank A-Level GCSE KS2 / 11+ / UKMT KS3 - Years 7, required for AS Further Mathematics and those required for A level Further Mathematics. Start studying; Search. For students tackling the challenging Further Maths GCSE or IGCSE, finding the right revision resources is crucial to mastering the advanced topics covered in these The AQA Level 2 Certificate in Further Mathematics is an untiered Level 2 linear qualification for learners who: either already have, or are expected to achieve, grades 7, 8 and 9 in GCSE mathematics; are likely to progress to A-Level study in Mathematics and Amazon. Further Maths; GCSE Below our links to answers from our International GCSE resources. GCSE On this page you can find formula sheets, cheat sheets and questions by topic for Further Statistics for Edexcel, AQA and OCR (A). dy/dx. An indispensable Head Start to A-Level book, ideal for bridging the gap between GCSE and A-Level Maths. Our Revision Notes are exam board specific, so you'll never revise anything you don't need to. r/GCSE is the place for tips, advice, resources and memes for your GCSE exams. Past exam papers and mark schemes for Edexcel Further Pure Maths IGCSE (4PM0/4PM1) Paper 1 Experienced Mathematics Tutor for GCSE, A levels and IB. Log in; Join now for free. FS1. Separated for Foundation and Higher tiers. Mathematics (8361 8362) GCSE. 3 (3 reviews) Flashcards; Learn; Test; Match; Get a hint. supplementary resources for Pearson AS and A Core Pure || Further Pure 1 || Further Pure 2 || Further Statistics 1 || Further Statistics 2 || Further Mechanics 1 || Further Mechanics 2 || Decision Maths 1 || Decision Maths 2. As a leading book supplier for schools, we offer Exclusive Discounts for Schools & Free Delivery. 3. ) All information in Ask the publishers to restore access to 500,000+ books. 00 £ 32. Download Year 9 Student Book answers. × Report "Edexcel IAL Further Pure Mathematics 1 Student Book" Your name. Skills developed through our GCSE Further Mathematics This specification supports the Northern Ireland Curriculum at Key Stage 4 and gives students further opportunities to achieve their potential and develop skills for life. Buy here - £35. 50: Pearson Edexcel International A Level Mathematics Further Pure Mathematics 1 Active Book Edexcel International GCSE Further Pure Mathematics Student Book provides complete coverage of the 2009 Edexcel International GCSE specification, so you can be sure you and your students have all the material you need. 2nd Edition • ISBN: 9781493927128 Stephen Abbott. Additional Pure. Qualified Teacher; SEND; Graduate; Book Tutor. Student book. No subjects found. 33 Edexcel GCSE maths. Sciences 2011. Edexcel IGCSE Further Pure Maths Student Book. 2 Focused exam preparation for GCSE Maths with a unique unit structure and improved pacing to support every student’s learning. Main content About this item Pearson Edexcel A-Level Further Maths (9FM0) and AS Further Maths (8FM0) past exam papers and marking schemes. 30 (excl vat) Author: Brenda Parkes Author(s): Brenda Parkes; Ali Datoo ISBN-13: 9780435188542 ISBN-10: 0435188542 Edition: Publisher: Pearson Education Limited Publication Date: 05-Oct-17 Format: Mixed media product Pages: 264 Exam Board: Edexcel. Email. A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. You can find all Edexcel Further Maths A-level Edexcel IGCSE Further Pure Maths Student Book - Free ebook download as PDF File (. There are also exam-style practice questions throughout, plus revision summary questions at the end of each section to put students’ Google Drive folder containing PDF books of A-level Pure, Mechanics, Statistics, Decision mathematics, Core Pure for the EdExcel exams. The elective modules are: Further Pure 1 Further Pure 2 Further Statistics 1 Further Statistics 2 Further Mechanics 1 Further Mechanics 2 Decision 1 Decision 2 Note that Edexcel AS and A level Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2017) information for students and teachers, including the specification, past papers, news and support. June 2021 QP; June 2022 QP; June 2023 QP; Specimen QP; Mark Schemes. 0 KB) mr barton maths Topics Exams Tasks Fun Research CPD Podcast Books Newsletters Websites About Support. £49 / hour. The content draws on some of the Higher tier GCSE Mathematics content in greater depth and extends it. If you don’t have login details for either of these, find out more now. Ref On this page you can find formula sheets, cheat sheets and questions by topic for Further Core Pure for Edexcel, AQA and OCR (A). 23 Paper 3C/4C: Further Mechanics 1 - option code corrected in line 1 at the bottom of the page. Further Maths; GCSE Revision; Revision Cards; Books; Finding Sides Textbook Exercise. AQA. First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017. Welcome; Videos and Worksheets; Primary; 5-a-day. History Created August 25, 2020 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book £ 38. Here are some materials to help you with the teaching and learning of it. One stop - past exam papers, model answers, model video solutions, video tutorials, mark schemes, worksheets and much more Edexcel A Level Maths: Year 1 + Year 2 Mechanics Teacher Book £ 56. Student book Textbooks Publisher Oxford : Oxford University Press Collection internetarchivebooks; printdisabled English Item Size 927. iv, 553 pages : 27 cm GCSE The Corbettmaths Practice Questions on Surds for Level 2 Further Maths. The Extended Maths Certificate is aimed at students targeted to achieve a grade 7 or above in GCSE Mathematics. CAIE o level ad math has Year 13 edexcel a level maths content. As a private tutor I have seen quite a few text books for GCSE Maths, but this is by far the best for higher tier students. 00: Edexcel AS and A level Further Mathematics Further Pure Mathematics 1 Textbook + e-book: 9781292183350: £27. Gradient of an equation. 1 / 9. A-Level Maths Textbook. Download Further Pure Mathematics answers. 42 (excl vat) Add to basket-15% Edexcel AS and A level Further Mathematics Further Pure Mathematics 1 Textbook + e Online shopping for Edexcel Maths GCSE from a great selection at Books Store. Click here for answers Level 2 Further Mathematics (8365) Level 3 Mathematics Studies (1350) AS and A-level. HIRING STUDENTS Further Core Pure 1 Textbook PDF. Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Mathematics: Higher Student Book . I have had the pleasure of teaching this qualification from AQA each year since it started in 2012, and I love it. 1st Class Maths has a fantastic collection of video lessons and practice questions; this excellent free GCSE Further Maths revision guide, kindly provided by Thomas Whitham Sixth Form College; Corbett Maths has a great collection of videos and practice questions Further Maths. It’s bursting with 34 quick-fire Your #1 tool for GCSE Level 2 Further Maths revision. Mathematics (8300) Statistics (8382) O Level. 99 £ 9. For further information, contact . Product Rule for Counting Video 501 Practice Browse CGP’s 9-1 GCSE Maths, Further Maths and Statistics, covering Edexcel, AQA, IGCSE, OCR and more! Including Revision Guides, Workbooks, Revision Cards and Practice Papers! Browse CGP’s 9-1 GCSE Maths, Further Maths and Statistics, covering Edexcel, AQA, IGCSE, OCR and more! Including Revision Guides, Workbooks, Revision Cards and Practice Papers! Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book provides comprehensive coverage of the new specification and Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book provides comprehensive coverage of the new specification and is designed to This Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Further Pure Mathematics Student Book provides comprehensive coverage of the new specification and is designed to supply students with the ABC joined to a sector CBD of a circle with a radius 4 cm and centre B. A-Level Maths A-Level Further Maths (Core Pure) [Complete] - 649 videos - 60+ hours. Number. You can find out about all our Mathematics qualifications at . Further Maths A-levels. 00 £ 69. These include a full set of Foundation and Higher Tier question papers and mark Explore Pearson Edexcel GCSE (9−1) Mathematics Second Edition: Explore the course guide Start a free trial Find the latest GCSE Maths Books designed to support learners. Ronald F. 1. Find solutions for the questions from the Edexcel A Level Maths and Edexcel International A Level Maths textbooks, organised by textbook and by chapter. GCSE / IGCSE. 60 Read more-15% Edexcel A-level Mathematics Student Book Year 1 and AS (Collins Edexcel A-level Mathematics) £ 29. Unsure what to focus on when it comes to revising for your Further Maths exams? We're on a mission to take the guesswork out of Further Maths revision. 3,625 277 377KB Read more. rndnmrejmwoprhslhvucstkhoxhsnvmezpwvhvuckmkzdllyqaktacmrqwpgqyaxfjaenymegbhl